A

Atrioventricular valves: “LAB RAT”

- Left Atrium: Bicuspid
- Right Atrium: Tricuspid
  - Author: Amir A. Ghaferi, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Axillary artery branches: “Screw The Lawyer Save A Patient” or “Some Times Life Seems A Pain”

- Superior thoracic
- Thoracoacromiol
- Lateral thoracic
- Subscapular
- Anterior circumflex humeral
- Posterior circumflex humeral
  - Author: Joe Azzopardi Not specified and Xarabank. (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Abdominal muscles: “Spare TIRE around their abdomen”

- Transversus abdominis
- Internal abdominal oblique
- Rectus abdominis
- External abdominal oblique
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Aorta vs. vena cava: “right vs. left”

- Aorta and right each have 5 letters, so aorta is on the right.
- Vena and cava and left each have 4 letters, so vena cava is on the left.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Aortic arch: major branch order: “Know your ABC’S”

- Aortic arch gives rise to
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- left Common Carotid
- left Subclavian
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Abdominal muscles: “Spare TIRE around their abdomen”

- Transversus abdominis
- Internal abdominal oblique
- Rectus abdominis
- External abdominal oblique
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Anterior forearm muscles: superficial group: “Pimps F*ck Prostitutes For Fun”

- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longous
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
  - Author: Rob (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Arm fractures & nerves affected by humerus fracture location: “ARM fracture”

- From superior to inferior:
- Axillary: head of humerus
- Radial: mid shaft
- Median: supracondular
  - Author: Ritesh Patel M.D (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

B

Bowel components: “Dow Jones Industrial Average Closing Stock Report” or “Dow Jones Industrial Climbing Average Closing Stock Report”.

- From proximal to distal:
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
- Appendix
- Colon
- Sigmoid
- Rectum
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Brachial artery: recurrent and collateral branches: “I Am Pretty Sexy” or “I Am Pretty Smart”.

- Inferior ulnar collateral artery goes with Anterior ulnar recurrent artery.
- Posterior ulnar recurrent artery goes with Superior ulnar collateral artery.
  - Author: Paul’s Boutique Western University College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific. (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Bicipital groove: attachments of muscles near it: “The lady between two majors”

- Teres major attaches to medial lip of groove.
- Pectoralis major to lateral lip of groove.
- Latissimus (Lady) is on floor of groove, between the 2 majors.
  - Author: Sandeep (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Brachioradialis: function, innervation, one relation, one attachment

- BrachioRadialis:
- Function: Its the Beer Raising muscle, flexes elbow, strongest when wrist is oriented like holding a beer.
- Innervation: Breaks Rule: it’s a flexor muscle, But Radial. (Radial nerve usually is for extensors: Recall BEST rule: B was for brachioradialis).
- Important relation: Behind it is the Radial nerve in the cubital fossa.
- Attachment: Attaches to Bottom of Radius.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Bell’s palsy: symptoms

- BELL’S Palsy:
- Blink reflex abnormal
- Earache
- Lacrimation [deficient, excess]
- Loss of taste
- Sudden onset
- Palsy of VII nerve muscles
- All symptoms are unilateral.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Brachial plexus branches: “My Aunt Raped My Uncle”

- From lateral to medial:
- Musculocutaneous
- Axillary
- Radial
- Median
- Ulnar
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Brachial plexus subunits: “Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer” or “Read The Damn Cadaver Book!” or “Real Texans Drink Coors Beer”.

- Roots
- Trunks
- Divisions
- Cords
- Branches
  - Author: Karl (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Brachial plexus: branches of posterior cord: STAR

- Subscapular [upper and lower]
- Thoracodorsal
- Axillary
- Radial
  - Author: Zaineb Vakil Gulf Medical College Ajman (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Buttock quadrant safest for needle insertion: “Shut up and butt out”

- The Upper Outer quadrant of the Buttock safely avoids hitting sciatic nerve.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Bronchi: which is more vertical: “Right on Red”

- Many places allow making a right hand turn at a red light, if you first come to a complete stop.
- A child swallowing a red penny is more likely to get it stopped down the right bronchus, since it is more vertical.
  - Author: Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Bronchopulmonary segments of right lung: “A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm”

- In order from superior to inferior:
- Apical
- Posterior
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Medial
- Superior
- Medial basal
- Anterior basal
- Lateral basal
- Posterior basal

- - Author: Derek Bell University of Queensland (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Broad ligament: contents: BROAD

- Bundle (ovarian neurovascular bundle)
- Round ligament
- Ovarian ligament
- Artefacts (vestigial structures)
- Duct (oviduct)
  - Author: David Colbert UWA Medicine (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

C

Carotid sheath contents: “I See 10 CC’s in the IV”

- I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery
- 10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)
- CC = Common Carotid artery
- IV = Internal Jugular Vein
  - Reference: (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Cavernous sinus contents: TOM CAT:

- TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior.
- CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM.
- See diagram.
- Occulomotor nerve (III)
- Trochlear nerve (IV)
- Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
- Maxillary nerve (V2)
- Carotid artery
- Abducent nerve (VI)
- T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM.
  - Author: Jonathan Vafai New York University School of Medicine (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Coelic trunk: branches

- Left Hand Side (LHS):
- Left gastric artery
- Hepatic artery
- Splenic artery
  - Author: Harsh Sharma (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Carpal tunnel syndrome causes: MEDIAN TRAP:

- Myxoedema
- Edema premenstrually
- Diabetes
- Idiopathic
- Agromegaly
- Neoplasm
- Trauma
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Amyloidosis
- Pregnancy
- Mnemonic fits nicely since median nerve is trapped.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Cervical plexus: arrangement of the important nerves: “GLAST”

- 4 compass points: clockwise from north on the right side of neck:
- Great auricular
- Lesser occipital
- Accessory nerve pops out between L and S
- Supraclavicular
- Transverse cervical
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Cubital fossa contents: “Really Need Booze To Be At My Nicest”

- From lateral to medial:
- Radial Nerve
- Biceps Tendon
- Brachial Artery
- Median Nerve
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Carpal bones: trapezium vs. trapezoid location

- Since there’s two T’s in carpal bone mnemonic sentences, need to know which T is where:
- TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapeziOID is inSIDE.
- Alternatively, TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapezOID is by its SIDE.
  - Author: Tom Ball Imperial College, UK (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Carpel bones: “So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb”:

- Proximal row, lateral-to-medial, then distal row, medial-to-medial:
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrium
- Pisiform
- Hamate
- Capate
- Trapezoid
- Trapezium
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Cartilage derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular): “I’M A Super Sexy Guy” (or Girl)

- Incus
- Malleus
- Anterior ligament of malleus
- Spine of sphenoid
- Sphenomandibular ligament
- Genial tubercle of mandible
- Knowledge Level 7, System: Skeletal
- Ron Norman AECC
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Cranial bone: “PEST OF 6”

- Parietal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Frontal
- The 6 just reminds that there’s 6 of them to remember.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

D

Diaphragm apertures & spinal levels: I 8 10 eggs at 12

- I 8: inferior vena cava at T8
- 10 eggs: esophagus (US spelling) at T10
- at 12: aorta at T12
  - Reference: https://radiopaedia.org/

Duodenum: lengths of parts: “Counting 1 to 4 but staggered”

- 1st part: 2 inches
- 2nd part: 3 inches
- 3rd part: 4 inches
- 4th part: 1 inch
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Deep tendon reflexes: root supply: “One, two– buckle my shoe. Three, four– kick the door. Five, six– pick up sticks. Seven, eight– shut the gate.”

- S1,2 = ankle jerk
- L3,4 = knee jerk
- C5,6 = biceps and brachioradialis
- C7,8 = triceps
- Knowledge Level 2, System: Nervous
  - Author: Bryan Traynor, Massachussetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, US (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Diaphragm innervation: “3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive”

- Diaphragm innervation is cervical roots 3, 4, and 5.
- Knowledge Level 1, System: Nervous
  - Author: Michael Nawfal (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

E

External carotid artery branches: “Some Anatomists Like F*#king, Others Prefer S & M” or “As She Lay Flat, Oscar’s Passion Slowly Mounted”.

- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Facial
- Occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Superficial temporal
- Maxillary
  - Reference: (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Elbow: muscles that flex it :Three B’s Bend the elBow

- Brachialis
- Biceps
- Brachioradialis
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Elbow: which side has common flexor origin: FM (as in FM Radio)

- Flexor Medial, so Common Flexor Origin is on the medial side.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Erector spinae muscles: “I Love Sex” or “I Long for Spinach”

- From lateral to medial:
- Iliocostalis
- Longissimus
- Spinalis
- “Sex” helps you think of “Erector”, but “Long” and “Spinach” help you remember the muscles’ names.
  - Author: Michael A. Chaplin SUNY-HSCB Downstate College of Medicine (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Eye rotation by oblique muscles: “I Love S&M”

- Inferior oblique: Lateral eye rotation.
- Superior oblique: Medial eye rotation.
  - Author: CS Eddleman Medical Student, Texas Tech SOM (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

F

Femoral triangle: arrangement of contents: NAVEL

- From lateral hip towards medial navel:
- Nerve (directly behind sheath)
- Artery (within sheath)
- Vein (within sheath)
- Empty space (between vein and lymph)
- Lymphatics (with deep inguinal node)
- Nerve/Artery/Vein are all called Femoral.
  - Author: Andrew J. Vasil UMD School of Medicine, Duluth, MN (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

G

Genu valgum vs. genu vargum

- Genu valGUM (knock-knee): knees are GUMmed together.
- Varum (bowleg) is the other by default, or Far rhymes with Var, so knees are far apart.
  - Author: Andrew J. Vasil UMD School of Medicine, Duluth, MN (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

H

Hand fractures: Colle’s vs. Smith’s

- Colle’s fracture: arm in fall position makes a ‘C’ shape.
- Smith’s fracture: arm in fall position makes a ‘S’ shape.
  - Author: Soichiro Fushimi Okayama University Medical School, Japan (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

I

Internal iliac artery: anterior branches: What Bill admitted to Hilary: “I Milked Our Insatiable Intern’s Udders Under the Desk”:

- Inferior gluteal
- Middle rectal
- Obturator
- Inferior vesical artery
- Internal pudendal artery
- Umbilical
- U/D=Uterine artery (female)/ Deferential artery (male)
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Inferior vena cava tributaries: “I Like To Rise So High”

- Illiacs
- Lumbar
- Testicular
- Renal
- Suprarenal
- Hepatic vein.
- Think of the IVC wanting to rise high up to the heart.
  - Author: Usman Ahmad KMC (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Internal jugular vein: tributaries: “Medical Schools Let Confident People In”

- From inferior to superior:
- Middle thyroid
- Superior thyroid
- Lingual
- Common facial
- Pharyngeal
- Inferior petrosal sinus
  - Author: LaShawn A. Weaver Medical University of South Carolina (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Interossei muscles: actions of dorsal vs. palmar in hand: “PAd and DAb”

- The Palmar Adduct and the Dorsal Abduct
- Use your hand to dab with a pad
  - Author: Atif Farooq and Anonymous Contributor Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan and Not Specified (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Intrinsic muscles of hand (palmar surface): “A OF A OF A”

- Thenar, lateral to medial:
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Opponens pollicis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Adductor pollicis.
- Hypothenar, lateral to medial:
- Opponens digiti minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi
- Abductor digiti minimi
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg

- Second letter rule for inversion/eversion:
- Eversion muscles:
- pErineus longus
- pErineus brevis
- pErineus terius
- Inversion muscles:
- tIbialis anterior
- tIbialis posterior
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Inguinal canal: walls: “MALT: 2M, 2A, 2L, 2T”

- Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior:
- Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles:
- internal oblique Muscle
- transverse abdominus Muscle
- Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses:
- Aponeurosis of external oblique
- Aponeurosis of internal oblique
- Lower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments:
- inguinal Ligament
- lacunar Ligament
- Posterior wall: 2Ts:
- Transversalis fascia
- conjoint Tendon
  - Author: Miruna Segarceanu UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Intrinsic muscles of hand (palmar surface): “A OF A OF A”

- Thenar, lateral to medial:
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Opponens pollicis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Adductor pollicis.
- Hypothenar, lateral to medial:
- Opponens digiti minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi
- Abductor digiti minimi
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg: Second letter rule for inversion/eversion

- Eversion muscles:
- pErineus longus
- pErineus brevis
- pErineus terius
- Inversion muscles:
- tIbialis anterior
- tIbialis posterior
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Inguinal canal: walls: “MALT: 2M, 2A, 2L, 2T”

- Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior:
- Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles:
- internal oblique Muscle
- transverse abdominus Muscle
- Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses:
- Aponeurosis of external oblique
- Aponeurosis of internal oblique
- Lower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments:
- inguinal Ligament
- lacunar Ligament
- Posterior wall: 2Ts:
- Transversalis fascia
- conjoint Tendon
  - Author: Miruna Segarceanu UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

J

Joints in the midline: “SC”

In medial line, below Second Cervical, joints are Secondary Cartilaginous and usually have a diSC.
Notes: secondary cartilaginous is also known as symphysis. The one that doesn’t have a disc is xiphi-sternal.
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

L

Liver inferior markings showing right/left lobe vs. vascular divisions

- There’s a Hepatic “H” on inferior of liver. One vertical stick of the H is the dividing line for anatomical
- right/left lobe and the other vertical stick is the divider for vascular halves. Stick that divides the liver into
- vascular halves is the one with vena cava impression (since vena cava carries blood, it’s fortunate that it’s the divider for blood halves).
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Liver: side with ligamentum venosum/ caudate lobe vs. side with quadrate lobe/ ligamentum teres: “VC goes with VC”

- The Venosum and Caudate is on same side as Vena Cava [posterior]. Therefore, quadrate and teres must be on anterior by default.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Lung lobe numbers: right vs. left

- Tricuspid heart valve and tri-lobed lung both on the right side.
- Bicuspid and bi-lobed lung both on the left side.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Lumbricals action

- Lumbrical action is to hold a pea, that is to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint and extend the interphalangeal joints. When look at hand in this position, can see this makes an “L” shape, since L is for Lumbrical.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Lingual nerve course: “Well I’ll be f*#ked!” Said Wharton’s Duct, “The bastard’s gone and crossed us!”

- The Lingual nerve
- Took a curve
- Around the Hyoglossus.
  - Author: Sam Hinton University of California, San Diego (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Lumbar plexus: “I, I Get Laid On Fridays” or “I twice Get Laid On Fridays” or “Interested In Getting Laid On Fridays?”

- Iliohypogastric [L1]
- Ilioinguinal [L1]
- Genitofemoral [L1, L2]
- Lateral femoral cutaneous [L2, L3]
- Obtruator [L2, L3, L4]
- Femoral [L2, L3, L4]
  - Author: Alfred Munoz MCP-Hahnemann School Of Medicine (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Lumbar plexus roots: “2 from 1, 2 from 2, 2 from 3”

- 2 nerves from 1 root: Ilioinguinal (L1), Iliohypogastric (L1).
- 2 nerves from 2 roots: Genitofemoral (L1,L2), Lateral Femoral (L2,L3).
- 2 nerves from 3 roots: Obturator (L2,L3,L4), Femoral (L2,L3,L4).
- Knowledge Level 4, System: Nervous
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Lung lobes: one having lingula, lobe numbers

- Lingula is on Left.
- The lingula is like an atrophied lobe, so the left lung must have 2 “other” lobes, and therefore right lung has 3 lobes.
  - Authors: Teresa Myers Student, UNC (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Meckel’s diverticulum details

- 2 inches long.
- 2 feet from end of ileum.
- 2 times more common in men.
- 2% occurrence in population.
- 2 types of tissues may be present.
- Note: “di-” means “two”, so diverticulum is the thing with all the twos.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Maxillary artery branches: “DAM I AM Piss Drunk But Stupid Drunk I Prefer, Must Phone Alcoholics Anonymous”

- Deep auricular
- Anterior tympanic
- Middle meningeal
- Inferior alveolar
- Accessory meningeal
- Masseteric
- Pterygoid
- Deep temporal
- Buccal
- Sphenopalatine
- Descending palatineInfraorbital
- Posterior superior alveolar
- Middle superior alveolar
- Pharyngeal
- Anterior superior alveolar
- Artery of the pterygoid canal
  - Author: Imani Walker and Fareeda Hamid New York College of Osteopathic Medicine (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Muscles: potentially absent ones Muscles which may be absent but may be important 5 P’s:

- Palmaris longus [upper limb]
- Plantaris [lower limb]
- Peroneus tertius [lower limb]
- Pyramidalis [anterior abdominal wall]
- Psoas minor [posterior abdominal wall]
  - Author: Shebrain Cairo University (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Median nerve: hand muscles innervated “The LOAF muscles” or LLOAF, with 2 L’s, to recall there’s 2 lumbricals or To remember that these are the Median nerve muscles, think “Meat LOAF”

- Lumbricals 1 and 2
- Opponens pollicis
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Knowledge Level 2, System: Nervous
  - Author: Samuel Atom Baek Kim (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Median nerve: recognizing it in an opened axilla

- The Median nerve is the Middle of a giant capital “M” formed by the musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Medial malleolus: order of tendons, artery, nerve behind it: “Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry” or “Tom, Dick ANd Harry” or “Tom, Dick And Not Harry”

From anterior to posterior:
Tibialis
Digitorum
Artery
Nerve
Hallicus
Full names for these are: Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Posterior Tibial Artery, Posterior Tibial Nerve, Flexor Hallicus
- Author: Deepa S. and LCK Medical student and University of Ottawa (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

N

Nasal cavity components: “Never Call Me Needle Nose!”

Nares [external]
Conchae
Meatuses
Nares [internal]
Nasopharynx
Note mnemonic sentence is nasally-related.
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Navicular contacts 3 of 5 cuneiform bones: “Navicular is like the Navigator logo”:

- There are 3 things coming off each.
- Therefore, cuboid has to contact 2 of the 5.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

O

Ossification ages: “Every Potential Anatomist Should Know When”

- When they ossify, in order of increasing year:
- Elbow: 16 years
- Pelvis, Ankle: 17 years
- Shoulder, Knee: 18 years
- Wrist: 19 years
  - Author: Saurabh Sikka (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Oblique muscles: direction of externals vs. internals: “Hands in your pockets”

- When put hands in your pockets, fingers now lie on top of external obliques and fingers point their direction of fibers: down and towards
- Note: “oblique” tells that must be going at an angle.
- Internal obliques are at right angles to external.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

P

Portal-systemic anastomoses: main 2 places that retroperitoneals connect into systemic

- RetroPeritoneals hook up with Renal and Paravertebral veins.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Plantarflexion vs. dorsiflexion

- Plantar flexion occurs when you squish a Plant with your foot.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Popliteal fossa: muscles arrangement

- The two Semi’s go together, Semimembranosus and Semitendonosus.
- The Membranosus is Medial and since the two semis go together, Semitendonosus is also medial.
- Therefore, Biceps Femoris has to be lateral.
- Of the semi’s, to remember which one is superficial: the Tendonosus is on Top.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Pterygoid muscles: function of lateral vs. medial: “Look at how your jaw ends up when saying first syllable of ‘Lateral’ or ‘Medial’ “

- “La”: your jaw is now open, so Lateral opens mouth.
- “Me”: your jaw is still closed, so medial closes the mandible.
- Knowledge Level 4, System: Muscle
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Pectoral nerves: path of lateral vs. medial: “Lateral Less, Medial More”

- Lateral pectoral nerve only goes through Pectoralis major, but
- Medial pectoral nerve goes though both Pectoralis major and minor.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Pelvis: sacral innervation: “S2,3,4 keeps the 3 P’s off the floor (Penis, Poo, and Pee).

- S2,3,4 innervates the anal sphincter, urethral sphicter, and causes erection.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Penis autonomic innervation actions: “Parasympathetic Puts it up. Sympathetic Spurts it out” or “Point and Shoot”

Parasympathetic Points it, Sympathetic Shoots out the semen.
Erection and Ejaculation (Emission).
- Author: Andrew J. Vasil and John Nguyen, University of Minnesota School of Medicine and University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston or National University of Ireland, Galway and University of Sydney, Australia (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Pleura surface markings: “All the even ribs, in order: 2,4,6,8,10,12 show its route”

- Rib2: sharp angle inferiorly
- Rib4: the left pleura does a lateral shift to accommodate heart
- Rib6: both diverge laterally
- Rib8: midclavicular line
- Rib10: midaxillary line
- Rib12: the back
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

R

Rotator cuff muscles: “The SITS muscles”

- Clockwise from top
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
- A pro baseball pitcher has injured his rotator cuff muscles. As a result, he SITS out for the rest of the match
- game, and then gets sent to the minor leagues.
  - Author: Anne Conlin and Robert O’Connor University of Western Ontario Medical School, London, Canada and University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Radial nerve: muscles innervated: “Try A Big Chocolate Chip Sundae, Double Dip Cherries And Peanuts Preferably Included”

- In order of their innervation, proximal to distal:
- Triceps
- Anconeus
- Brachioradialis
- Carpi radialis longus
- Carpi radialis brevis
- Supinator
- Digitorum
- Digiti minimi
- Carpi ulnaris
- Abductor poll. longus
- Poll. brevis
- P poll. longus
- Indicis
- For the neighboring words that start with the same letter (eg: chocolate and chip), notice that the longer word in the mnemonic, corresponds to the longer of the two muscle names (ex: ext. carpi radialis longus and ext. carpi radialis brevis)
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Radial nerve: muscles supplied (simplified): “BEST muscles”

- Brachioradialis
- Extensors
- Supinator
- Triceps
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Retroperitoneal structures list: SAD PUCKER

- Suprarenal glands
- Aorta & IVC
- Duodenum (half)
- Pancreas
- Ureters
- Colon (ascending & descending)
- Kidneys
- Esophagus (anterior & left covered)
- Rectum
  - Author: Ron Norman AECC (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Rib costal groove: order of intercostal blood vessels and nerve: VAN

- From superior to inferior:
- Vein
- Artery
- Nerve
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

S

Scalp layers: SCALP

- From superficial to deep:
- Skin
- Connective tissue
- Aponeurosis
- Loose areolar tissue
- Pericranium
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Spleen: dimensions, weight, surface anatomy: “1,3,5,7,9,11”

- Spleen dimensions are 1 inch x 3 inches x 5 inches.
- Weight is 7 ounces.
- It underlies ribs 9 through 11.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Serratus anterior: innervation: SALT

- Serratus Anterior = Long Thoracic.
- Knowledge Level 2, System: Muscle
  - Author: Erin B. Dominiak Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Serratus anterior: innervation and action: “C5-6-7 raise your arms up to heaven”:

- Long thoracic nerve roots (567) innervate Serratus anterior.
- Test C567 roots clinically by ability to raise arm past 90 degrees.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Soleus vs. gastrocnemius muscle function: “Stand on your Soles. Explosive gas”

- You stand on soles of your shoes, so Soleus is for posture.
- Gasoline is explosive, so Gastrocnemius is for explosive movement.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Supination vs. pronation: “SOUPination”, “POUR-nation” or Pronation donation

- Supination is to turn your arm palm up, as if you are holding a bowl of soup.
- Pronation is to turn your arm with the palm down, as if you are pouring out whatever is your bowl.
- Pronation is palm facing downward, as if making a donation.
  - Author: LCK and Anonymous Contributor University of Ottawa and Not Specified (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Scalp: nerve supply: GLASS

- Greater occipital/ Greater auricular
- Lesser occipital
- Auriculotemporal
- Supratrochlear
- Supraorbital
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Spinal cord: length in vertebral column:SCULL

- Spinal Cord Until L2 (LL).
- Knowledge Level 3, System: Nervous
  - Author: Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Supine vs. prone body position: “Supine is on your spine”.

- Therefore, prone’s the “other” one.
- Also, prone to suffocate in prone position.
  - Author: Carol Kasper and Sandy Honeycutt MacMurray College, Jacksonville, IL, USA and Nursing student (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Scrotum layers: “Some Damn Englishman Called It The Testis”

- From superficial to deep:
- Skin
- Dartos
- External spermatic fascia
- Cremaster
- Internal spermatic fascia
- Tunica vaginalis
- Testis
- Knowledge Level 2, System: Reproductive
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Sperm pathway through male reproductive tract: SEVEN UP

- Seminiferous tubules
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- Nothing
- Urethra
- Penis
  - Author: Ken Evans Saskatchewan Health, Acute and Emergency Service (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Sperm: path through male reproductive system: “My boyfriend’s name is STEVE”

- Seminiferous Tubules
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
  - Author: Amy Harrington MCP Hahnemann (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Spermatic cord contents: “Piles Don’t Contribute To A Good Sex Life”

- Pampiniform plexus
- Ductus deferens
- Cremasteric artery
- Testicular artery
- Artery of the ductus deferens
- Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
- Sympathetic nerve fibers
- Lymphatic vessels
  - Author: TR Columbia PandS (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Superior orbital fissure: structures passing through: “Lazy French Tarts Lie Naked In Anticipation Of Sex”

- Lacrimal nerve
- Frontal nerve
- Trochlear nerve
- Lateral nerve
- Nasociliary nerve
- Internal nerve
- Abducens nerve
- Ophthalmic veins
- Sympathetic nerves
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Thoracic duct: relation to azygous vein and esophagus: “The duck between 2 gooses”

- Thoracic duct (duck) is between 2 gooses, azygous and esophagus.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Thigh: innervation by compartment: “MAP OF Sciatic”

- Medial compartment: Obturator
- Anterior compartment: Femoral
- Posterior compartment: Sciatic
- So all the thigh muscles in that compartment get innervated by that nerve.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Trigeminal nerve: where branches exit skull: “Standing Room Only”

- Superior orbital fissure is V1
- foramen Rotundum is V2
- foramen Ovale is V3
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Tonsils: The three types: “PPL (people) have tonsils”

- Pharyngeal
- Palatine
- Lingual
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Tibia: muscles of pes anserinus (the muscles attached to tibia’s medial side): “A Girl between Two Sargeants”

- Gracilus is between
- Sartorius and
- Semitendonosus
  - Author: Beenish Dow Medical College.(http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

U

Ureter to ovarian/testicular artery relation: “Water under the bridge”

- The ureters (which carry water), are posterior to the ovarian/testicular artery.
- Clinically important, since a common surgical error is to cut ureter instead of ovarian artery when removing uterus.
  - Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

v

V3 innervated muscles (branchial arch 1 derivatives): “M.D. My TV”

- Mastication [masseter, temporalis, pterygoids]
- Digastric [anterior belly]
- Mylohyoid
- tensor Tympani
- tensor Veli palatini
  - Author: Christian Erickson Duke University (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

V3: sensory branches: “Buccaneers Are Inferior Linguists”

- Buccal
- Auriculotemporal
- Inferior alveolar
- Lingual
  - Author: Jennifer Chuang University of Vermont School of Medicine (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Vagus nerve: path into thorax: “I Left my Aunt in Vegas”

Left Vagus nerve goes Anterior descending into the thorax.
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Voicebox: names of parts in sagittal cross-section: “There’s 3 V’s in your Voicebox”

- Vestibular fold
- Ventricle
- Vocal fold
- Note: Vestibular and Vocal cord also known as false and true cords respectively.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Vertebrae: recognizing a thoracic from lumbar

- Examine vertebral body shape:
- Thoracic is heart-shaped body since your heart is in your thorax.
- Lumbar is kidney-bean shaped since kidneys are in lumbar area.
  - Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)

Wrist: radial side vs. ulnar side: Make a fist with your thumb up in the air and say “Rad!”

Your thumb is now pointing to your Radius.
Note: ‘Rad!’ was a late 80’s catchphrase, short for ‘Radical’. Things that were good were called ‘Rad’.
- Author: Patrick Esperanzate University College Dublin (http://medicalmnemonics.com/)