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Home Mnemonics

Microbiology Mnemonics

Dr.NM Tamilmani by Dr.NM Tamilmani
September 9, 2023
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Microbiology Mnemonics: Simplifying Bacteria, Viruses, and More

A

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: classic presentation: “Sore throat, Face bloat, Pi$$ coke“:

  • Sore throat: 1 week ago
  • Face bloat: facial edema
  • Pi$$ coke: coke-coloured urine
  • ­ Alternatively, short version: “Throat, bloat and coke“.
    • Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin

C

Chlamydia: elementary vs. initial body location

  • Elementary: Extracellular
  • Initial: Intracellular
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

 

Common cold: viral causes: “Common cold (acute infectious rhinitis, coryza) is PRIMArily caused by”:

  • Paramyxoviruses
  • Rhinoviruses
  • Influenza viruses
  • Myxoviruses
  • Adenoviruses
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

D

DNA viruses: morphology rule of thumb: DNA:

  • Double-stranded
  • Nuclear replication
  • ‘Anhedral symmetry
  • ­ Rule breakers: pox (cytoplasmic), parvo (single-stranded).
    • Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin

E

coli: major subtypes, key point of each: “HIT by E. coli outbreak”:

  • EnteroHemorrhagic:
  • ­ HUS from Hamburgers
  • EnteroInvasive:

­         Immune-mediated Inflammation

  • EnteroToxigenic:

­         Traveller’s diarrhea

    • Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin

 

Entameoba histolytica: disease caused, action: EntAmoeba causes Amoebic dysEnt

    • Action: histo (cell) lytic (burst), so it bursts cells.
      • Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin

 

Endocarditis: indications for surgery: PUS RIVER:

  • Prosthetic valve endocarditis (most cases)
  • Uncontrolled infection
  • Supporative local complications with conduction abnormalities
  • Resection of mycotic aneurysm
  • Ineffective antimicrobial therapy (eg Vs fungi)
  • Valvular damage (significant)
  • Embolization (repeated systemic)
  • Refractory congestive heart failure
    • Author: David Lucey University College Dublin

 

Endocarditis: lab results suggesting it: “High Tech Lab Results Point At Endocarditis”:

  • Hematuria
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Leukocytosis, -penia
  • Red blood cell casta
  • Proteinuria
  • Anemia
  • Elevated ESR
    • Author: David Lucey University College Dublin

 

Endotoxin features: ENDOTOXIN:

  • Endothelial cells/ Edema
  • Negative (gram- bacteria)
  • DIC/ Death
  • Outer membrane
  • TNF
  • O-antigen
  • X-tremely heat stable
  • IL-1
  • Nitric oxide/ Neutrophil chemotaxis
    • Author: Rinku Uberoi UNIBE

G

Gram+: bacterial cell wall: Gram+ has:

  • +hick pepidoglycan layer.
  • +eichoic acid in wall.
    • Author: Gilvano Amorim Oliveira Universidade de santo Amaro- São Paulo Brasil.

 

Gardnerella and Vaginalis vaginal infection diagnosis: “Take a whiff and get a clue for fishy bacteria”:

  • Smells like fish (whiff test); clue cells seen under microscope.
  • Gardnerella= Gram negative.
  • Vaginalis= V
    • Author: Rinku S Uberoi UNIBE

H

Hepatitis: oral-fecal transmitted types: “A$$ Eaters”:

  • ­ Types A and E by oral-fecal route.
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

I

IgA protease-producing bacteria: “Nice Strip of Ham“:

  • Neisseria
  • Streptococcus pneumonia
  • Haemophilus influenza
    • Author: Marc Miller Sackler School of Medicine

 

Influenza infection: clinical manifestations: “Having Flu Symptoms Can Make Moaning Children A Nightmare”:

  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Sore throat
  • Chills
  • Myalgias
  • Malaise
  • Cough
  • Anorexia
  • Nasal congestion
    • Author: David Lucey University College Dublin

K

Klebsiella details: You tell the patient: “Get UPS you fat alcoholic“:

  • UTI
  • Pneumonia
  • Sepsis
  • Fat capsule
  • Get up=nonmotile since no flagella.
  • Alcoholic=commonly seen in alcoholic and nosocomial patients.
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

M

Meningitis: risk factors: “Can Induce Severe Attacks Of Head PAINS“:

  • Cancer
  • Immunocompromised state
  • Sinusitis
  • Age extremes
  • Otitis
  • Head trauma
  • Parameningeal infection
  • Alcoholism
  • Infections (systemic, esp. respiratory)
  • Neurosurgical procedures
  • Splenectomy
    • Author: David Lucey University College Dublin

N

Neisseria: fermentation of N. gonorrhoeae vs. N. meningitides: Gonorrhoeae: Glucose fermenter only.

  • MeninGitidis: Maltose and Glucose fermenter.

Maltose fermentation is a useful property to know, since it’s the classic test to distinguish the Neisseria types.

    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

O

Obligate anaerobes: members worth knowing: ABC:

  • Actinomyces
  • Bacteroides
  • Clostridium
    • Author: Sung Hoon Kim El Paso, TX

P

Psedomonas aeruginosa: features: AERUGINOSA:

  • Aerobic
  • Exotoxin A
  • Rod/ Resistance
  • UTIs, burns, injuries
  • Green-blue dressings
  • Iron-containing lesions
  • Negative gram
  • Odor of grapes
  • Slime capsule sometimes (in CF pt)
  • Adherin pili
    • Author: Joyce Egbe

 

Proteus: disease caused: Firstly, “PROTeus hates PROTons”:

  • So what does it do to fight the protons? It has a urease that raises the pH.
  • Urea is in urine, so Proteus causes UTIs.
    • Author: James Meltzer MSII, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

 

Picornavirus: features: PICORNAvirus:

  • Positive sense
  • ICOsahedral
  • RNA virus
    • Author: Khawaja Atif Farooq Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan, Gujranwala

 

Pneumonia: acute pneumonia infiltrates from different causes: “Pyrogenic=PMN, Miscellaneous=Mononuclear”:

  • Acute pneumonia caused by Pyogenic bacteria: PMN infiltrate.
  • Acute pneumonia caused by Miscellaneous microbes: Mononuclear infiltrate.
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

R

RNA viruses: negative stranded: “Orthodox Rhabbi’s Party Around Fine Bunnies”:

  • Orthomyxo
  • Rhabdo
  • Paramyxo
  • Arena
  • Filo
  • Bunya
    • Author: Rodolfo Chirinos Universidad Central del Caribe, PR

 

RNA viruses: positive stranded: “Pico Called Flavio To Return Renzo’s Corona“:

  • Picorna
  • Calici
  • Flavi
  • Toga
  • Retro
  • Reo
  • Corona
    • Author: Rodolfo Chirinos Universidad Central del Caribe, PR

S

Staphylococcus aureus: diseases caused: SOFT PAINS:

  • Skin infections
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Food poisoning
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Pneumonia
  • Acute endocarditis
  • Infective arthritis
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
  • Sepsis
    • Author: Marc Miller Sackler School of Medicine

 

Streptococci: classification by hemolytic ability: Gamma: Garbage (no hemolytic activity).

  • Alpha: Almost (almost lyse, but incomplete).
  • Beta: Best (complete lysis).
    • Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin

 

Streptococcus pyogenes: diseases caused: NIPPLES:

  • Necrotising fasciitis and myositis
  • Impetigo
  • Pharyngitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Lymphangitis
  • Erysipelas and cellulitis
  • Scarlet fever/ Streptococcal TSS
    • Author: Harsh Sharma

 

Streptococcus pyogenes: virulence factors: SMASHED: Streptococci: Quellung reaction: positive sign, Strep type confirmed: “Quell-lung“:

  • Quell: Capsules swell [+ve test].
  • Lung: S. pnuemonia [type confirmed].

You get pneumonia in your lung.

    • Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin

T

Teratogens: placenta-crossing organisms: ToRCHeS:

  • Toxoplasma
  • Rubella
  • CMV
  • Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster (varicella), Hepatitis B,C,E
  • Syphilis

Alternatively: TORCHES: with Others (parvo, listeria), add HIV to H’s, Enteroviruses.

    • Author: Andrew J. Vasil UMD School of Medicine, Duluth, MN

 

Trichomaniasis: features: 5 F’s:

  • Flagella
  • Frothy discharge
  • Fishy odor (sometimes)
  • Fornication (STD)
  • Flagyl (metronidazole) Rx
    • Author: Rinku Uberoi

U

UTI-causing microorganisms: KEEPS:

  • Klebsiella
  • Enterococcus faecalis/ Enterobacter cloacae
  • E. coli
  • Pseudomonas aeroginosa/ Proteus mirabilis
  • Staphylococcus saprophyticcus/ Serratia marcescens
    • Author: Kok Fai Kong University of Auckland

 

Urease positive organisms: PUNCH:

  • Proteus (leads to alkaline urine)
  • Ureaplasma (renal calculi)
  • Nocardia
  • Cryptoccocus (the fungus)
  • Helicobacter pylori
    • Author: Enrique Cifuentes Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara

V

Vibrio: motility: “Vibrio Vibrates”:

  • Vibrio is a genus of actively motile bacteria.
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/
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