Obstetrics and Gynecology Mnemonics: Simplifying Women’s Health Concepts

A

Abdominal pain: causes during pregnancy: LARA CROFT:

Labour
Abruption of placenta
Rupture (eg. ectopic/ uterus)
Abortion
Cholestasis
Rectus sheath haematoma
Ovarian tumour
Fibroids
Torsion of uterus
- Author: Graeme Little University College London

Alpha-fetoprotein: causes for increased maternal serum AFP during pregnancy: “Increased Maternal Serum Alpha Feto Protein”:

Intestinal obstruction
Multiple gestation/ Miscalculation of gestational age/ Myeloschisis
Spina bifida cystica
Anencephaly/ Abdominal wall defect
Fetal death
Placental abruption
- Author: Rinku Uberoi UNIBE

APGAR score components: SHIRT:

Skin color: blue or pink
Heart rate: below 100 or over 100
Irritability (response to stimulation): none, grimace or cry
Respirations: irregular or good
Tone (muscle): some flexion or active
- Author: Kimberly Scott Medical College of Virginia

Asherman syndrome features: ASHERMAN:

Acquired Anomaly
Secondary to Surgery
Hysterosalpingography confirms diagnosis
Endometrial damage/ Eugonadotropic
Repeated uterine trauma
Missed Menses
Adhesions
Normal estrogen and progesterone
- Author: Rinku Uberoi UNIBE

B

B-agonist tocolytic (C/I or warning): ABCDE:

Angina (Heart disease)
BP high
Chorioamnionitis
Diabetes
Excessive bleeding
- Author: Lum

C

CVS and amniocentesis: when performed: “Chorionic” has 9 letters and Chorionic villus sampling performed at 9 weeks gestation.

“AlphaFetoProtein” has 16 letters and it’s measured at 16 weeks gestation.
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

D

Delivery: instrumental delivery prerequisites: AABBCCDDEE:

Analgesia
Antisepsis
Bowel empty
Bladder empty
Cephalic presentation
Consent
Dilated cervix
Disproportion (no CPD)
Engaged
Episiotomy
- Author: Harold Choi Medical student in Singapore

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB): 3 major causes: DUB:

Don’t ovulate (anovulation: 90% of cases)
Unusual corpus leuteum activity (prolonged or insufficient)
Birth control pills (since increases progesterone-estrogen ratio)
- Author: Atif Farooq Khawaja Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan

E

Early cord clamping: indications: RAPID CS:

Rh incompatibility
Asphyxia
Premature delivery
Infections
Diabetic mother
CS (caesarian section) previously, so the funda is RAPID CS
- Author: Rajeev and Ashish Doctors, RNTMC, UDP

F

Forceps: indications for delivery: FORCEPS:

Foetus alive
Os dilated
Ruptured membrane
Cervix taken up
Engagement of head
Presentation suitable
Sagittal suture in AP diameter of inlet
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Forceps: indications for use: FORCEPS:

Fully dilated cervix
0 [“Zero”] CPD
Ruptured membranes
Cephalic or at least deliverable presentation/ Contracting uterus
Episiotomy done/ Epidural done
P!ss and S#!t (bladder and bowel empty)
- Author: Simon Holliday St. George’s Hospital Medical School, UK

Female pelvis: shapes: GAP:

In order from most to least common:
Gynecoid
Android /Anthropoid
Platypelloid
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

I

IUD: side effects: PAINS:

Period that is late
Abdominal cramps
Increase in body temperature
Noticeable vaginal discharge
Spotting
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

IUGR: causes: IUGR:

Inherited: chromosomal and genetic disorders
Uterus: placental insufficency
General: maternal malnutrition, smoking
Rubella and other congenital infecton
- Author: Anthony Chan

L

Labour: preterm labor causes: DISEASE:

Dehydration
Infection
Sex
Exercise (strenuous)
Activities
Stress
Environmental factor (job, etc)
- Author: Alycia Ernst Banner Health AZ

M

Multiple pregnancy complications: HI, PAPA:

Hydramnios (Poly)
IUGR
Preterm labour
Antepartum haemorrhage
Pre-eclampsia
Abortion
- Author: Ashley Liew University of Glasgow, UK

O

Omental caking: likeliest cause

Omental CAking = Ovarian CA

“Omental caking” is term for ascities, plus a fixed upper abdominal and pelvic mass. Almost always signifies ovarian cancer.

- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Oral contraceptive complications: warning signs: ACHES:

Abdominal pain
Chest pain
Headache (severe)
Eye (blurred vision)
Sharp leg pain
- Author: Carrie Davis, RNC, MSN, WHNP Obici Health System

Oral contraceptives: side effects: CONTRACEPTIVES:

Cholestatic jaundice
Oedema (corneal)
Nasal congestion
Thyroid dysfunction
Raised BP
Acne/ Alopecia/ Anaemia
Cerebrovascular disease
Elevated blood sugar
Porphyria/ Pigmentation/ Pancreatitis
Thromboembolism
Intracranial hypertension
Vomiting (progesterone only)
Erythema nodosum/ Extrapyramidal effects
Sensitivity to light
- Author: Harsh Sharma BJMC, Pune, India

P

Preeclampsia: classic triad: PREeclampsia:

Proteinuria
Rising blood pressure
Edema
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Parity abbreviations (ie: G 3, P 2012): “To Peace And Love”:

T: of Term pregnancies
P: of Premature births
A: of Abortions (spontaneous or elective)
L: of Live births

Describes the outcomes of the total number of pregnancies (Gravida).

- Author: Megan Duffy Medical student, AZCOM

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): causes, effects: “PID CAN be EPIC“:

Causes:

Chlamydia trachomatis
Actinomycetes
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Effects:
Ectopic
Pregnancy
Infertility
Chronic pain
- Author: Scott Alexander Loma Linda University SOM

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): complications: I FACE PID:

Infertility
Fitz-Hugh-Curitis syndrome
Abscesses
Chronic pelvic pain
Ectopic pregnancy
Peritonitis
Intestinal obstruction
Disseminated: sepsis, endocarditis, arthritis, meninigitis
- Author: Lum

Postpartum collapse: causes: HEPARINS:

Hemorrhage
Eclampsia
Pulmonary embolism
Amniotic fluid embolism
Regional anaethetic complications
Infarction (MI)
Neurogenic shock
Septic shock
- Author: Hossam Elzeiny Trainee, Royal Womens Hospital, Victoria, Australia

Post-partum haemmorrage (PPH): risk factors: PARTUM:

Polyhydroamnios/ Prolonged labour/ Previous cesarian
APH/ ANTH
Recent bleeding history
Twins
Uterine fibroids
Multiparity
- Author: Nathan Sachdev University of New South Wales, Sydney

Prenatal care questions: ABCDE:

Amniotic fluid leakage?
Bleeding vaginally?
Contractions?
Dysuria?
Edema?
Fetal movement?
- Author: Jason Bermak UC Irvine

R

RLQ pain: brief female differential: AEIOU:

Appendicitis/ Abscess
Ectopic pregnancy/ Endometriosis
Inflammatory disease (pelvic)/ IBD
Ovarian cyst (rupture, torsion)
Uteric colic/ Urinary stones
- Author: Sushant Varma University of Sheffield, UK