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Home Mnemonics

Obstetrics and Gynecology Mnemonics

Dr.NM Tamilmani by Dr.NM Tamilmani
September 9, 2023
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Obstetrics and Gynecology Mnemonics: Simplifying Women’s Health Concepts

A

Abdominal pain: causes during pregnancy: LARA CROFT:

  • Labour
  • Abruption of placenta
  • Rupture (eg. ectopic/ uterus)
  • Abortion
  • Cholestasis
  • Rectus sheath haematoma
  • Ovarian tumour
  • Fibroids
  • Torsion of uterus
    • Author: Graeme Little University College London

 

Alpha-fetoprotein: causes for increased maternal serum AFP during pregnancy: “Increased Maternal Serum Alpha Feto Protein”:

  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Multiple gestation/ Miscalculation of gestational age/ Myeloschisis
  • Spina bifida cystica
  • Anencephaly/ Abdominal wall defect
  • Fetal death
  • Placental abruption
    • Author: Rinku Uberoi UNIBE

 

APGAR score components: SHIRT:

  • Skin color: blue or pink
  • Heart rate: below 100 or over 100
  • Irritability (response to stimulation): none, grimace or cry
  • Respirations: irregular or good
  • Tone (muscle): some flexion or active
    • Author: Kimberly Scott Medical College of Virginia

 

Asherman syndrome features: ASHERMAN:

  • Acquired Anomaly
  • Secondary to Surgery
  • Hysterosalpingography confirms diagnosis
  • Endometrial damage/ Eugonadotropic
  • Repeated uterine trauma
  • Missed Menses
  • Adhesions
  • Normal estrogen and progesterone
    • Author: Rinku Uberoi UNIBE

B

B-agonist tocolytic (C/I or warning): ABCDE:

  • Angina (Heart disease)
  • BP high
  • Chorioamnionitis
  • Diabetes
  • Excessive bleeding
    • Author: Lum

C

CVS and amniocentesis: when performed: “Chorionic” has 9 letters and Chorionic villus sampling performed at 9 weeks gestation.

  • “AlphaFetoProtein” has 16 letters and it’s measured at 16 weeks gestation.
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

D

Delivery: instrumental delivery prerequisites: AABBCCDDEE:

  • Analgesia
  • Antisepsis
  • Bowel empty
  • Bladder empty
  • Cephalic presentation
  • Consent
  • Dilated cervix
  • Disproportion (no CPD)
  • Engaged
  • Episiotomy
    • Author: Harold Choi Medical student in Singapore

 

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB): 3 major causes: DUB:

  • Don’t ovulate (anovulation: 90% of cases)
  • Unusual corpus leuteum activity (prolonged or insufficient)
  • Birth control pills (since increases progesterone-estrogen ratio)
    • Author: Atif Farooq Khawaja Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan

E

Early cord clamping: indications: RAPID CS:

  • Rh incompatibility
  • Asphyxia
  • Premature delivery
  • Infections
  • Diabetic mother
  • CS (caesarian section) previously, so the funda is RAPID CS
    • Author: Rajeev and Ashish Doctors, RNTMC, UDP

F

Forceps: indications for delivery: FORCEPS:

  • Foetus alive
  • Os dilated
  • Ruptured membrane
  • Cervix taken up
  • Engagement of head
  • Presentation suitable
  • Sagittal suture in AP diameter of inlet
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

 

Forceps: indications for use: FORCEPS:

  • Fully dilated cervix
  • 0 [“Zero”] CPD
  • Ruptured membranes
  • Cephalic or at least deliverable presentation/ Contracting uterus
  • Episiotomy done/ Epidural done
  • P!ss and S#!t (bladder and bowel empty)
    • Author: Simon Holliday St. George’s Hospital Medical School, UK

 

Female pelvis: shapes: GAP:

  • ­ In order from most to least common:
  • Gynecoid
  • Android /Anthropoid
  • Platypelloid
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

I

IUD: side effects: PAINS:

  • Period that is late
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Increase in body temperature
  • Noticeable vaginal discharge
  • Spotting
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

 

IUGR: causes: IUGR:

  • Inherited: chromosomal and genetic disorders
  • Uterus: placental insufficency
  • General: maternal malnutrition, smoking
  • Rubella and other congenital infecton
    • Author: Anthony Chan

L

Labour: preterm labor causes: DISEASE:

  • Dehydration
  • Infection
  • Sex
  • Exercise (strenuous)
  • Activities
  • Stress
  • Environmental factor (job, etc)
    • Author: Alycia Ernst Banner Health AZ

M

Multiple pregnancy complications: HI, PAPA:

  • Hydramnios (Poly)
  • IUGR
  • Preterm labour
  • Antepartum haemorrhage
  • Pre-eclampsia
  • Abortion
    • Author: Ashley Liew University of Glasgow, UK

O

Omental caking: likeliest cause

  • Omental CAking = Ovarian CA

“Omental caking” is term for ascities, plus a fixed upper abdominal and pelvic mass. Almost always signifies ovarian cancer.

    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

 

Oral contraceptive complications: warning signs: ACHES:

  • Abdominal pain
  • Chest pain
  • Headache (severe)
  • Eye (blurred vision)
  • Sharp leg pain
    • Author: Carrie Davis, RNC, MSN, WHNP Obici Health System

 

Oral contraceptives: side effects: CONTRACEPTIVES:

  • Cholestatic jaundice
  • Oedema (corneal)
  • Nasal congestion
  • Thyroid dysfunction
  • Raised BP
  • Acne/ Alopecia/ Anaemia
  • Cerebrovascular disease
  • Elevated blood sugar
  • Porphyria/ Pigmentation/ Pancreatitis
  • Thromboembolism
  • Intracranial hypertension
  • Vomiting (progesterone only)
  • Erythema nodosum/ Extrapyramidal effects
  • Sensitivity to light
    • Author: Harsh Sharma BJMC, Pune, India

P

Preeclampsia: classic triad: PREeclampsia:

  • Proteinuria
  • Rising blood pressure
  • Edema
    • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

 

Parity abbreviations (ie: G 3, P 2012): “To Peace And Love”:

  • T: of Term pregnancies
  • P: of Premature births
  • A: of Abortions (spontaneous or elective)
  • L: of Live births

Describes the outcomes of the total number of pregnancies (Gravida).

    • Author: Megan Duffy Medical student, AZCOM

 

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): causes, effects: “PID CAN be EPIC“:

Causes:

  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Actinomycetes
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • ­ Effects:
  • Ectopic
  • Pregnancy
  • Infertility
  • Chronic pain
    • Author: Scott Alexander Loma Linda University SOM

 

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): complications: I FACE PID:

  • Infertility
  • Fitz-Hugh-Curitis syndrome
  • Abscesses
  • Chronic pelvic pain
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Peritonitis
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Disseminated: sepsis, endocarditis, arthritis, meninigitis
    • Author: Lum

 

Postpartum collapse: causes: HEPARINS:

  • Hemorrhage
  • Eclampsia
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Amniotic fluid embolism
  • Regional anaethetic complications
  • Infarction (MI)
  • Neurogenic shock
  • Septic shock
    • Author: Hossam Elzeiny Trainee, Royal Womens Hospital, Victoria, Australia

 

Post-partum haemmorrage (PPH): risk factors: PARTUM:

  • Polyhydroamnios/ Prolonged labour/ Previous cesarian
  • APH/ ANTH
  • Recent bleeding history
  • Twins
  • Uterine fibroids
  • Multiparity
    • Author: Nathan Sachdev University of New South Wales, Sydney

 

Prenatal care questions: ABCDE:

  • Amniotic fluid leakage?
  • Bleeding vaginally?
  • Contractions?
  • Dysuria?
  • Edema?
  • Fetal movement?
    • Author: Jason Bermak UC Irvine

R

RLQ pain: brief female differential: AEIOU:

  • Appendicitis/ Abscess
  • Ectopic pregnancy/ Endometriosis
  • Inflammatory disease (pelvic)/ IBD
  • Ovarian cyst (rupture, torsion)
  • Uteric colic/ Urinary stones
    • Author: Sushant Varma University of Sheffield, UK

S

Secondary amenorrhea: causes: SOAP:

  • Stress
  • OCP
  • Anorexia
  • Pregnancy
    • Author: Nathan Sachdev University of New South Wales, Sydney
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