Pediatrics Mnemonics

Pediatrics Mnemonics: Simplifying Child Health for Medical Professionals

B

Breast feeding: benefits: ABCDEFGH:

• ­ Infant:
• Allergic condition reduced
• Best food for infant
• Close relationship with mother
• Development of IQ, jaws, mouth
• ­ Mother:
• Econmical
• Fitness: quick return to pre-pregnancy body shape
• Guards against cancer: breast, ovary, uterus
• Hemorrhage (postpartum) reduced
  • Author: Anthony Chan

C

Cyanotic congenital heart diseases: 5 T’s:

• Truncus arteriosus
• Transposition of the great arteries
• Tricuspid atresia
• Tetrology of Fallot
• Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
  • Author: Vince Yamashiroya

Cyanotic heart diseases: 5 types : Use your five fingers:

• 1 finger up: Truncus Arteriosus (1 vessel)
• 2 fingers up: Dextroposition of the Great Arteries (2 vessels transposed)
• 3 fingers up: Tricuspid Atresia (3=Tri)
• 4 fingers up: Tetralogy of Fallot (4=Tetra)
• 5 fingers up: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (5=5 words)
  • Author: Jeff Simmons University of Alabama School Of Medicine

Cerebral palsy (CP): most likely cause : CP: Cerebral Palsy

• Child Premature

The premature brain is more prone to all the possible insults.

• • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Cough (chronic): differential: When cough in nursery, rock the “CRADLE”:

• Cystic fibrosis
• Rings, slings, and airway things (tracheal rings)/ Respiratory infections
• Aspiration (swallowing dysfunction, TE fistula, gastroesphageal reflux)
• Dyskinetic cilia
• Lung, airway, and vascular malformations (tracheomalacia, vocal cord dysfunction)
• Edema (heart failure)
  • Author: Vince Yamashiroya

Croup: symptoms: 3 S’s:

• Stridor
• Subglottic swelling
• Seal-bark cough
  • Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin

Cystic fibrosis: exacerbation of pulmonary infection: CF PANCREAS:

• Cough (increase in intensity and frequent spells)
• Fever (usually low grade, unless severe bronchopneumonia is present)
• Pulmonary function deterioration
• Appetite decrease
• Nutrition, weight loss
• CBC (leukocytosis with left shift)
• Radiograph (increase overaeration, peribronchial thickening, mucus plugging)
• Exam (rales or wheezing in previously clear areas, tachypnea, retractions)
• Activity (decreased, impaired exercise intolerance, increased absenteeism)
• Sputum (becomes darker, thicker, and more abundant, forming plugs)
  • Author: Vince Yamashiroya

Cystic fibrosis: presenting signs: CF PANCREAS:

• Chronic cough and wheezing
• Failure to thrive
• Pancreatic insufficiency (symptoms of malabsorption like steatorrhea)
• Alkalosis and hypotonic dehydration
• Neonatal intestinal obstruction (meconium ileus)/ Nasal polyps
• Clubbing of fingers/ Chest radiograph with characteristic changes
• Rectal prolapse
• Electrolyte elevation in sweat, salty skin
• Absence or congenital atresia of vas deferens
• Sputum with Staph or Pseudomonas (mucoid)
  • Author: Vince Yamashiroya

D

Duodenal atresia vs. Pyloric stenosis: site of obstruction

• Duodenal Atresia: Distal to Ampulla of vater.
• Pyloric stenosis: Proximal to it.
  • Author: Rinku Uberoi

H

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS): components: “Remember to decrease the RATE of IV fluids in these patients”:

• Renal failure
• Anemia (microangiopathic, hemolytic)
• Thrombocytopenia
• Encephalopathy (TTP)
  • Author: Vince Yamashiroya

Haematuria: differential in children: ABCDEFGHIJK:

• Anatomy (cysts, etc)
• Bladder (cystitis)
• Cancer (Wilm’s tumour)
• Drug related (cyclophosphamide)
• Exercise induced
• Factitious (Munchausen by proxy)
• Glomerulonephritis
• Haematology (bleeding disorder, sickle cell)
• Infection (UTI)
• In Jury (trauma)
• Kidney stones (hypercalciuria)
  • Author: Jibodh University College Dublin

P

Pyloric stenosis (congential): presentation: Pyloric stenosis is 3 P‘s:

• Palpable mass
• Paristalsis visible
• Projectile vomiting (2-4 weeks after birth)
  • Author: Atif Farooq Khawaja Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan

Perez reflex

• Eliciting the PErEz reflex will make the baby PEE.
  • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Pediatric milestones in development

• 1 year:

–single words

• 2 years:

–2 word sentences

-understands 2 step commands

• 3 years:

–3 word combos

-repeats 3 digits

-rides tricycle

• 4 years:

-draws square

-counts 4 objects

• • Author: Rinku Uberoi

S

Sturge-Weber syndrome: hallmark features: Sturge-Weber:

• Seizures
• PortWine stain
  • Author: Ramon Salazar

Septic Arthritis: most common cause

• Staphylococcus Aureus is the most common cause of
• Septic Arthritis in the pediatric population.
  • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

G

Guthrie card: diseases identified with it : “Guthrie Cards Can Help Predict Bad Metabolism”:

• Galactosaemia
• Cystic fibrosis
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Hypothyroidism
• Phenylketonuria
• Biotidinase deficiency
• Maple syrup urine disease
  • Author: Logan Mitchell Dunedin Medical School, New Zealand

M

Measles: complications: “MEASLES COMP” (complications):

• Myocarditis
• Encephalitis
• Appendicitis
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
• Laryngitis
• Early death
• Sh!ts (diarrhoea)
• Corneal ulcer
• Otis media
• Mesenteric lymphadenitis
• Pneumonia and related (bronchiolitis-bronchitis-croup)
  • Author: Joshua Goh Unimas: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

R

Russell Silver syndrome: features: ABCDEF:

• Asymmetric limb (hemihypertrophy)
• Bossing (frontal)
• Clinodactyly/ Cafe au lait spots
• Dwarf (short stature)
• Excretion (GU malformation)
• Face (triangular face, micrognathia)
  • Author: Anthony Chan Chinese University of Hong Kong

V

Vitamin toxicities: neonatal

• Excess vitamin A: Anomalies (teratogenic)
• Excess vitamin E: Enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)
• Excess vitamin K: Kernicterus (hemolysis)
  • Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

W

Williams syndrome: features: WILLIAMS:

• Weight (low at birth, slow to gain)
• Iris (stellate iris)
• Long philtrum
• Large mouth
• Increased Ca++
• Aortic stenosis (and other stenoses)
• Mental retardation
• Swelling around eyes (periorbital puffiness)
  • Author: Anthony Chan Chinese University of Hong Kong