Pediatrics Mnemonics: Simplifying Child Health for Medical Professionals

B

Breast feeding: benefits: ABCDEFGH:

Infant:
Allergic condition reduced
Best food for infant
Close relationship with mother
Development of IQ, jaws, mouth
Mother:
Econmical
Fitness: quick return to pre-pregnancy body shape
Guards against cancer: breast, ovary, uterus
Hemorrhage (postpartum) reduced
- Author: Anthony Chan

C

Cyanotic congenital heart diseases: 5 T’s:

Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of the great arteries
Tricuspid atresia
Tetrology of Fallot
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya

Cyanotic heart diseases: 5 types : Use your five fingers:

1 finger up: Truncus Arteriosus (1 vessel)
2 fingers up: Dextroposition of the Great Arteries (2 vessels transposed)
3 fingers up: Tricuspid Atresia (3=Tri)
4 fingers up: Tetralogy of Fallot (4=Tetra)
5 fingers up: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (5=5 words)
- Author: Jeff Simmons University of Alabama School Of Medicine

Cerebral palsy (CP): most likely cause : CP: Cerebral Palsy

Child Premature

The premature brain is more prone to all the possible insults.

- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Cough (chronic): differential: When cough in nursery, rock the “CRADLE”:

Cystic fibrosis
Rings, slings, and airway things (tracheal rings)/ Respiratory infections
Aspiration (swallowing dysfunction, TE fistula, gastroesphageal reflux)
Dyskinetic cilia
Lung, airway, and vascular malformations (tracheomalacia, vocal cord dysfunction)
Edema (heart failure)
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya

Croup: symptoms: 3 S’s:

Stridor
Subglottic swelling
Seal-bark cough
- Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin

Cystic fibrosis: exacerbation of pulmonary infection: CF PANCREAS:

Cough (increase in intensity and frequent spells)
Fever (usually low grade, unless severe bronchopneumonia is present)
Pulmonary function deterioration
Appetite decrease
Nutrition, weight loss
CBC (leukocytosis with left shift)
Radiograph (increase overaeration, peribronchial thickening, mucus plugging)
Exam (rales or wheezing in previously clear areas, tachypnea, retractions)
Activity (decreased, impaired exercise intolerance, increased absenteeism)
Sputum (becomes darker, thicker, and more abundant, forming plugs)
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya

Cystic fibrosis: presenting signs: CF PANCREAS:

Chronic cough and wheezing
Failure to thrive
Pancreatic insufficiency (symptoms of malabsorption like steatorrhea)
Alkalosis and hypotonic dehydration
Neonatal intestinal obstruction (meconium ileus)/ Nasal polyps
Clubbing of fingers/ Chest radiograph with characteristic changes
Rectal prolapse
Electrolyte elevation in sweat, salty skin
Absence or congenital atresia of vas deferens
Sputum with Staph or Pseudomonas (mucoid)
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya

D

Duodenal atresia vs. Pyloric stenosis: site of obstruction

Duodenal Atresia: Distal to Ampulla of vater.
Pyloric stenosis: Proximal to it.
- Author: Rinku Uberoi

H

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS): components: “Remember to decrease the RATE of IV fluids in these patients”:

Renal failure
Anemia (microangiopathic, hemolytic)
Thrombocytopenia
Encephalopathy (TTP)
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya

Haematuria: differential in children: ABCDEFGHIJK:

Anatomy (cysts, etc)
Bladder (cystitis)
Cancer (Wilm’s tumour)
Drug related (cyclophosphamide)
Exercise induced
Factitious (Munchausen by proxy)
Glomerulonephritis
Haematology (bleeding disorder, sickle cell)
Infection (UTI)
In Jury (trauma)
Kidney stones (hypercalciuria)
- Author: Jibodh University College Dublin

P

Pyloric stenosis (congential): presentation: Pyloric stenosis is 3 P‘s:

Palpable mass
Paristalsis visible
Projectile vomiting (2-4 weeks after birth)
- Author: Atif Farooq Khawaja Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan

Perez reflex

Eliciting the PErEz reflex will make the baby PEE.
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

Pediatric milestones in development

1 year:

–single words

2 years:

–2 word sentences

-understands 2 step commands

3 years:

–3 word combos

-repeats 3 digits

-rides tricycle

4 years:

-draws square

-counts 4 objects

- Author: Rinku Uberoi

S

Sturge-Weber syndrome: hallmark features: Sturge-Weber:

Seizures
PortWine stain
- Author: Ramon Salazar

Septic Arthritis: most common cause

Staphylococcus Aureus is the most common cause of
Septic Arthritis in the pediatric population.
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

G

Guthrie card: diseases identified with it : “Guthrie Cards Can Help Predict Bad Metabolism”:

Galactosaemia
Cystic fibrosis
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Hypothyroidism
Phenylketonuria
Biotidinase deficiency
Maple syrup urine disease
- Author: Logan Mitchell Dunedin Medical School, New Zealand

M

Measles: complications: “MEASLES COMP” (complications):

Myocarditis
Encephalitis
Appendicitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Laryngitis
Early death
Sh!ts (diarrhoea)
Corneal ulcer
Otis media
Mesenteric lymphadenitis
Pneumonia and related (bronchiolitis-bronchitis-croup)
- Author: Joshua Goh Unimas: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

R

Russell Silver syndrome: features: ABCDEF:

Asymmetric limb (hemihypertrophy)
Bossing (frontal)
Clinodactyly/ Cafe au lait spots
Dwarf (short stature)
Excretion (GU malformation)
Face (triangular face, micrognathia)
- Author: Anthony Chan Chinese University of Hong Kong

V

Vitamin toxicities: neonatal

Excess vitamin A: Anomalies (teratogenic)
Excess vitamin E: Enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)
Excess vitamin K: Kernicterus (hemolysis)
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/

W

Williams syndrome: features: WILLIAMS:

Weight (low at birth, slow to gain)
Iris (stellate iris)
Long philtrum
Large mouth
Increased Ca++
Aortic stenosis (and other stenoses)
Mental retardation
Swelling around eyes (periorbital puffiness)
- Author: Anthony Chan Chinese University of Hong Kong