Physiology syllabus in Russia, Other CIS & Eastern Europe
- Subject: Human Physiology AKA Normal physiology
- Semesters: 2-3
- Tentative hours of lectures: 36 hours
- Tentative hours of practicals: 72 hours
- Exam: after 2 semesters
- Emphasis on the CIS syllabi: It’s wise to emphasize that this Curriculum/syllabus is tentative & the subject’s distribution or teaching hours or exams might vary in different universities and CIS.
Brief description of the course
- Formation of student’s knowledge about the basic laws of functioning of the organism of the healthy man and mechanisms of regulation of physiological systems.
- General physiology/ elementary physiological processes – which study general properties of an alive matter, processes of excitation and braking, functional features of excitable structures, muscles, secretion.
- Neurohumoral regulation of physiological functions – study general physiology CNS, functions of neuron, a feature of the distribution of excitation and braking in CNS, physiology of independent nervous system, humoral regulation of physiological functions.
- The bases of ability to live – will be considered power and basic exchange, physiological bases of a feed, thermal balance, regulation of temperature of a body.
- The system mechanisms of behavior – will be investigated general principles of organization of behavior, labor activity of the man, physiology of analyzers, physiology of memory, emotions, mental activity, physiology of dream, adaptation, biological rhythms.
Objectives:
- To generate system knowledge about the ability of the whole organism of the man to live in interrelation with an environment and mechanisms of regulation of physiological systems of an organism;
- To impart to the students physiological and clinical thinking;
- To acquaint with experience of a statement of research experiment;
- To learn to judgment and interpretation of the data, received in an experiment, and explanation of the observable facts, phenomena, and their causally -investigation mutual relation;
- To train to methods of an estimation of a functional condition of the organism and its systems;
- To train to principles of work with the clinicodiagnostic equipment.
Educational methods:
- Lectures: survey, problematic.
- Practice: performance of practical works on a theme (experimental researches on animals, development of clinic-physiological techniques), work with the equipment, tables, atlases, decision of situation tasks, the performance of the test tasks, work in small groups, team-based learning (TBL), discussion of results of research, registration of the protocols.
- Students’ individual work: work with the literature, preparation of presentations, and thematic abstracts.
Lectures: topics & number of hours
| Topic | Duration in hours |
| 1. General characteristic of physiology as a science | 1 |
| 2. Basic principles of forming and regulation of physiological functions | 1 |
| 3. Excitation | 1 |
| 4. Lows of irritation of excitable tissues | 1 |
| 5. Membrane potential | 1 |
| 6. Action potential | 1 |
| 7. Physiology of skeletal and smooth muscles | 1 |
| 8. Muscles contraction | 1 |
| 9. Reception. System organization of conducting tracts. | 1 |
| 10. Synaptic transmission. | 1 |
| 11. General physiology of the central nervous system. Functions of neurons. | 1 |
| 12. Mechanisms of excitation and inhibition of nervous cells | 1 |
| 13. Features of distribution of excitation in CNS | 1 |
| 14. The basic principles of coordination activity CNS | 1 |
| 15. Physiology of vegetative nervous system | 1 |
| 16. Continuous – Physiology of vegetative nervous system | 1 |
| 17. General properties and functions of hormones | 1 |
| 18. Hormonal regulation of physiological functions | 1 |
| 19. Metabolism and energy exchange | 1 |
| 20. Energy exchange. | 1 |
| 21. Thermoregulation. Regulation of isotherm. Hypothermia. Hyperthermia | 1 |
| 22. Labor activity of the man | 1 |
| 23. Physiology of analyzers. General principles of a structure of sensory systems. | 1 |
| 24. Physiology of analyzers. Mechanisms of processing of the information | 1 |
| 25. Physiology of a pain | 1 |
| 26. Motivations | 1 |
| 27. General principles of organization of28. behavior | 1 |
| 29. The inherent and acquired behavior. | 1 |
| 30. Inhibition of the conditioned activity | 1 |
| 31. Physiology of sleep | 1 |
| 32. Types of HNA | 1 |
| 33. The doctrine by I.P.Pavlov about the first and second signaling systems” | 1 |
| 34. Memory | 1 |
| 35. Emotions | 1 |
| 36. Mental activity of the man. Consciousness. | 1 |
| 37. Mental activity of the man.
38. Neurophysiologic basis of mental activity. |
1 |
| Total | 36 |
Practical classes: topics & number of hours
| Topic | Duration in hours |
| 1. Methods of physiological researches. The methods of irritation of excitable tissues. | 3 |
| 2. Physiology of excitable tissues. Parameters of excitation. | 3 |
| 3. Bioelectric phenomena. Up-to-date concepts about the origin of the biopotential. | 3 |
| 4. Result lesson on section “General physiology ”. | 3 |
| 5. Physiological properties of muscles. The types of muscle contractions. | 3 |
| 6. The laws of conduction of excitation along with the nerve fiber. Parabiosis. Physiological properties of synapses. | 3 |
| 7. Result lesson on section “Physiological processes”. | 3 |
| 8. Features of propagation of excitation in the CNS. | 3 |
| 9. The processes of inhibition in the CNS. | 3 |
| 10. General character of the endocrine glands. Basic properties and functions of hormones. | 3 |
| 11. Result lesson on section “Neurogumoral regulation of physiological functions”. | 3 |
| 12. Energy exchange. Nutrition. | 3 |
| 13. Thermal balance and regulation of temperature of a body. | 3 |
| 14. Result lesson on section “Bases of vital activity”. | 3 |
| 15. The visual analyzer. Methods of research of the visual analyzer. | 3 |
| 16. The gustatory analyzer. The olfactory analyzer. | 3 |
| 17. The auditory analyzer. The vestibular analyzer. | 3 |
| 18. The skin analyzer. | 3 |
| 19. Result lesson on section “Analyzers”. | 3 |
| 20. Conditioned – the reflex activity of the organism. Neurophysiologic mechanisms of formation of conditional reflexes. | 3 |
| 21. Methods of research HNA. Types of HNA. | 3 |
| 22. Methods of research of mental functions of the man. Memory. | 3 |
| 23. Methods of research of mental functions of the man. Emotions. | 3 |
| 24. Result lesson on section “system mechanisms of behavior” | 3 |
| Total | 72 |
Interim assessments (Controls) & Exam
- Interim assessment (Chapter-wise controls) : MCQs + situational tasks & Viva
- Final exam: Viva, situational tasks +/- MCQs
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Sample Control & Exam questions
MCQ
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| Viva |
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| Situational tasks |
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Grab the MCQs, Viva & Tasks with answers to score 5+ ↓
Scores
- The score ranges from 5 to 1:
- 5 is “excellent” → Otlichno
- 4 is “good” → Khorosho
- 3 is “satisfactory” → Udovletvoritel’no
- 2 is “unsatisfactory” → Neudovletvoritel’no
Join the “Otlichnik club” to get your “Red Diploma”↓
Reference textbooks
- GuytonJ.E.Hall.Medical Physiology. by W.B.Saunders company, 2003.-1064p.
- William F.Ganong.Review of medical physiology. New York: Mc Graw-Hill, 2003.-912p.
- Normal physiology: textbook / Orlov R.S., Nozdrachev A.D. – 2nd ed., Revised. and add. 2010 .– 832 p
- A.J.Vander. Human physiology: the mechanisms of body function/New York: Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company,1990/-724p.
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Also Watch:
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